English+and+French+Colonies+in+North+America

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English and French settlers responded to the natives with a mixture of diplomacy and violence. These colonies were developed nearly a century after Cortes's conquest of Mexico and Portugal. Private companies and individual proprietors played a large role in the development of these colonies. ======

The English relied on private capital to finance settlement. England had some prior experience in colonizing Ireland.
 * Early English Experiments **


 * Virginia **
 * Virginia Company initially colonized Virginia, Jamestown
 * Economy based on furs, timber, and tobacco; attracted new immigrants
 * Indentured servants 1500/yr
 * Eventually switched to slave labor because they believed they would earn greater profits
 * House of Burgesses-democratic ideals


 * Carolinas **
 * Settlement relied on profits from fur trade which lead to less emphasis on hunting, fishing and agriculture
 * Amerindians began to rely on English firearms, meral tools, textiles and alcohol
 * Indigenous peoples weakened by epidemics, alcoholism and rising ethnic conflicts
 * Dissatisfied with terms of trade Amerindians led attacks upon English settlements in the 1700's.
 * 1729, North and South Carolina became separate colonies
 * Northern Carolina developed an economy based on plantations and slavery.
 * Southern Carolina filled with African slaves-African culture had a strong impact on this society
 * hierarchical
 * New England**
 * Settled by Pilgrims and Puritans
 * Pilgrims-wanted to break from Church of England
 * Puritans-wanted to refine many aspects of Church of England including the hierarchy of priests and bishops and government interference.
 * New comers-families, gender balance, less hierarchical
 * Few differences in wealth and status
 * largest British and Protestant population
 * Mass. Bay Company-joint stock company that financed the colony.
 * Economically, there was poor soil and harsh climate.
 * fur, timber and fish
 * depended on commercial and shipping services to Southern colonies, Africa, Europe and the Caribbean
 * mainly individual merchants


 * Middle Atlantic Region**
 * Rapid economic success and cultural diversity.
 * New York City- commercial and shipping center
 * Iroquois Confederacy-an alliance with native tribes that granted access to the rich fur trade in Canada
 * Pennsylvania- originally a Quaker refuge, founded by WIlliam Penn
 * grain exports produced by free workers
 * Philadelphia had a large slave population however


 * French America**
 * Settlement patterns strongly resemble Spain and Portugal
 * New France-French colony in North America, capital at Quebec
 * Fur market fueled Frech settlement
 * Also trade firearms, metal tools, textiles and alcohols
 * Jesuits tried to convert people to Christianity through peaceful methods
 * missionaries create boarding schools and agricultural communities
 * Slow population growth
 * Eventually defeated by England and lost shares of colonies in North America

video that highlights territorial expansion of Spain, England and France >
 * http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUUYb6Lq0aw&feature=related